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The half-wave dipole consists of a thin wire fed at its center by an AC source connected to the antenna terminals via a transmission line. An infinitesimal dipole segment of length d z is highlighted, at a distance of z from the AC source. A point Q equals (R, theta, phi) is located, at a distance of s from the length d z and at a distance of R from the AC source. The ends of the dipole are labeled, l over 2 and negative l over 2. The distance s and the distance R make two angles with the dipole theta and theta sub s respectively. At a distance of z cosine theta, a dashed line is drawn, from the length d z.