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The two conducting plates having area A are parallel to each other and opposite charge density rho sub s. The upper plate is labeled z equals d has a positive charge, and the bottom plate is labeled z equals 0 has a negative charge. The conductors are connected with the voltage source V. The fringing field lines originate from the edge of top plate and terminate at the edge of bottom plate. The electric field lines E direct from the top plate to bottom plate with a differential surface element d s. The gap between the plates is labeled, dielectric epsilon.