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The illustration a shows a transformer with two coils wound around a magnetic core. The primary side of the magnetic core has a coil with N sub 1 turns and the secondary coil has N sub 2 turns. The primary coil is connected to an a c voltage source V sub 1 of t with polarity positive to negative and produces a current I sub 1 toward the magnetic core. A flux phi generates in clockwise within in the magnetic core. The secondary coil is connected to a load R sub L that generates a voltage V sub 2 of t with polarity positive to negative and a current I sub 2 flows away from the magnetic core.

The illustration b shows, a transformer with two coils wound around a magnetic core. The primary side of the magnetic core has a coil with N sub 1 turns and the secondary coil has N sub 2 turns. The primary coil is connected to an a c voltage source V sub 1 of t with polarity positive to negative and produces a current I sub 1 toward the magnetic core. The secondary coil is connected to a load R sub L and generates a voltage V sub 2 of t with polarity negative to positive and a current I sub 2 flows toward the magnetic core.