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The horizontal axis represents the z-axis, and labeled, east. The vertical axis represents the negative y-axis, and labeled, north. The two vertical dipoles that are separated by a distance d are placed along the z-axis. A point is highlighted at a distance R sub 0 from the first dipole in the negative y-axis, and at a distance R sub 1 from the second dipole in the negative y-axis. The amplitude and the phase of the first dipole are a sub 0 equals 1 and psi sub 0 equals 0 respectively. The amplitude and the phase of the second dipole are a sub 1 and psi sub 1 respectively.