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The transmitter antenna is placed above the water and receiver antenna is inside the water. The transmitter is denoted by T sub x. The signal, labeled point 1, travels from transmission line to the antenna on the shipboard transmitter. The signal passes to the point 2 of incidence of the wave on water’s surface. The signal travels from point 2 to point 3 that represents a point below the water. Further, the signal passes to point 4 to the receiver antenna, labeled R sub x. The power P sub r is received on receiver antenna.