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The dipole is centered at the origin with two opposite charges at a distance d. An increasing line R from the origin makes an angle theta at a specific point P (R, theta, phi) in the X Y plane. Two increasing lines R sub 1 and R sub 2 start from positive and negative charge respectively and meets at the point P. A perpendicular from the positive charge q to the line of R sub 2 is labeled, d cosine of theta.