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The drawing on the left shows a twisted spiral structure where the two substrates at the center separated by a 5-micrometer distance, are connected to a circuit. When the circuit is open, the liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates and rotates any incoming light by 90 degrees, thus allowing the light to emerge on top as a bright pixel. In the drawing on the right, the circuit is closed hence the molecules of liquid crystal do not rotate the incoming light. The light is filtered out at the exit substrate, hence the pixel appears dark.