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The cylinder is placed over the x y z plane with center point O. Increasing vector upper R sub 1 is in y z plane and its tip ends at point P equals (r sub 1, phi sub 1, z sub 1) and decreasing vector r sub 1 is in x y plane. Phi sub 1 is the angle in the x y plane measured from the x axis toward the y axis. z sub 1 is at the vertical distance from the x y plane. The vector r sub 1 extends to three vectors, z caret, phi caret, and r caret. Phi equals phi sub 1 plane.