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The x axis displays the values from 0 to start fraction 3 lambda over 2 end fraction, and the y axis displays the values from negative A to A. The red wave, phi equals start fraction pi over 4 end fraction, rises from second quadrant and falls in first quadrant, again rises and falls. The blue wave, phi equals 0, rises from third to second quadrant; pass through (0, A); falls in first quadrant; and again rises and falls. Similarly, the green wave, phi equals negative start fraction pi over 4 end fraction, rises from third quadrant to second quadrant, pass through (0, A), and falls in first quadrant, again rises and falls. The red wave is labeled leads ahead of reference wave, the blue wave is labeled reference wave, and the green wave is labeled lags behind reference wave. The blue wave is between the red wave and green wave. The peak and trough of blue wave comes before the red and green waves.

All values are estimated.