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The circuit on the top shows a transmission line connecting a generator and load. The generator has a voltage source, V-tilde sub g and impedance Z sub g, while load impedance is Z sub L. Two nodes, A and A-prime are located at the beginning of the transmission line near the generator. The current entering node A is I-tilde sub i while the current moving through the load is I-tilde sub L. The voltage and impedance at A where z equals negative l and d equals l are V-tilde sub i and Z sub in, respectively. The voltage and impedance at the end of the transmission line near the load, where z and d values are 0 are V-tilde sub L and Z sub 0, respectively.

The circuit on the bottom shows the transmission line terminated at the generator end, and replaced by with input impedance, Z sub in. The circuit now has a voltage source, V-tilde sub g, in series with Z sub g and Z sub in. The voltage across A and A-prime is V-tilde sub I, while the current flowing into A is I-tilde sub i.