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Step 1 shows a circuit where a conductor connects through a switch to a high-voltage source at one end, and to cells at load position at the other end before terminating in the ground. Waves are shown moving through the entire circuit. A text next to the circuit reads, “With the switch open, the device is charged up by its connection to the high-voltage source. Closing the switch sets up transient waves.”

Step 2 shows the circuit where inverted and non-inverted waves crash into each other at the load position. A text next to the circuit reads, “The voltage waves reflect off the ends of the transmission line. The wave near the switch inverts (shown in red color) its polarity changes when it reflects, because that end is shorted. When the inverted and noninverted waves crash into each other at the load, a pulse of voltage results.

Step 3 shows the circuit without any pulse. A text next to the drawing reads, “When the trailing edges of the waves finally meet, the pulse ends.”

A graph is shown above the illustration, plotting voltage in m V against time in milliseconds. At step 1, the graph shows a line moving along the horizontal axis. At step 2, the line jumps up and fluctuates between 2 and 3 m V for a time duration of 0 to 300 milliseconds. Step 3 shows the line move down and run along the horizontal axis.