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A two-dimensional coordinate system is shown with z marked as the origin between the x and y axes. An electromagnetic wave is depicted with two vectors, E and H originating from z and traveling in the positive z-direction, with a 90-degree angle marked between them. Both E and H are resolved into their x and y components. E is resolved as E sub x along the positive x-direction and E sub y along the positive y-direction, while H is resolved as H sub x and H sub y along the positive x- and positive y-directions.