# Photo Credits

p. 4 (Ch 01-01A): Thales of Miletus (624–546 BC), Photo Researchers, Inc./Science Source

p. 4 (Ch 01-01B): Isaac Newton, World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 4 (Ch 01-01C): Benjamin West, Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky, Painting/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 4 (Ch 01-01D): Replica of the Voltaic pile invented by Alessandro Volta 1800, Gio.tto/Shutterstock

p. 4 (Ch 01-01E): Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish Physicist, New York Public Library/Science Source

p. 4 (Ch 01-01F): Andre-Marie Ampére, Nickolae/Fotolia

p. 5 (Ch 01-01G): Michael Faraday, Nicku/Shutterstock

p. 5 (Ch 01-01H): James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), Nicku/Shutterstock

p. 5 (Ch 01-01I): Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, New York Public Library/Science Source

p. 5 (Ch 01-01J): Nicola Tesla, NASA

p. 5 (Ch 01-01K): Early X-Ray of Hand, Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 5 (Ch 01-01M): Albert Einstein, LOC/Science Source

p. 6 (Ch 01-02A): Telegraph, Morse apparatus, vintage engraved illustration, Morphart Creation/Shutterstock

p. 6 (Ch 01-02B): Thomas Alva Edison with his ‘Edison Effect’ Lamps, Education Images/Universal Images Group/Getty Images, Inc.

p. 6 (Ch 01-02C): Replica of an early type of telephone made by Scottish-born telephony pioneer Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), Science & Society Picture Library/Getty Images

p. 6 (Ch 01-02D): Guglielmo Marconi, Pach Brothers/Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZ62-39702]

p. 6 (Ch 01-02E): De Forest seated at his invention, the radio-telephone, called the Audion, New York Public Library/Science Source

p. 6 (Ch 01-02F): The staff of KDKA broadcast reports of the 1920 presidential election, Bettmann/Getty Images

p. 7 (Ch 01-02G): This bottle-like object is a Cathode Ray tube which forms the receiver of the new style television invented by Dr. Vladimir Zworykin, Westinghouse research engineer, who is holding it, Album/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 7 (Ch 01-02H): Radar in operation in the Second World War, Library of Congress Department of Prints and Photographs [LC-USZ62-101012]

p. 7 (Ch 01-02I): Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen with an apparatus used in the early investigations which led to the invention of the transistor, New York Public Library/Science Source

p. 7 (Ch 01-02J): A Photograph of Jack Kilby’s Model of the First Working Integrated Circuit Ever Built circa 1958, Fotosearch/Archive Photos/Getty Images

p. 7 (Ch 01-02K): Shown here is the 135-foot rigidized inflatable balloon satellite undergoing tensile stress test in a dirigible hanger at Weekesville, North Carolina, NASA

p. 7 (Ch 01-02L): Pathfinder on Mars, JPL/NASA

p. 8 (Ch 01-03A): Abacus isolated on white, Sikarin Supphatada/Shutterstock

p. 8 (Ch 01-03B): Pascaline; a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642, New York Public Library/Science Source

p. 8 (Ch 01-03C): Original Caption: Portrait of American electrical engineer Vannevar Bush, Bettmann/Getty Images

p. 8 (Ch 01-03D): J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, are pictured with the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) in this undated photo from the University of Pennsylvania Archives, University of Pennsylvania/AP images

p. 8 (Ch 01-03E): Description: DEC PDP-1 computer, on display at the Computer History Museum, USA, Volker Steger/Science Source

p. 9 (Ch 01-03F): Classic Antique Red LED Diode Calculator, James Brey/E+/Getty Images

p. 9 (Ch 01-03G): Apple I computer. This was released in April 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club, USA, Mark Richards/ZUMAPRESS.com/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 9 (Ch 01-03H): UNITED STATES—DECEMBER 07: The IBM Personal Computer System was introduced to the market in early 1981, Science & Society Picture Library/Getty Images, Inc.

p. 9 (Ch 01-03I): NEW YORK, UNITED STATES: Chess enthusiasts watch world chess champion Garry Kasparov on a television monitor as he holds his head in his hands, Adam Nadel/AP/Shutterstock

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(a)): The Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes, VLA, NRAO/NASA

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(b)): SCaN’s Benefits to Society—Global Positioning System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(c)): Motor, ABB

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(d) and page 338 (Fig. TF14-04)): TV on white background, Fad82/Shutterstock

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(e)): Nuclear Propulsion Through Direct Conversion of Fusion Energy, John Slough/NASA

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(f)): Tracking station has bird’s eye view on VAFB, Ashley Tyler/US Air Force

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(g)): Glass Fiber Cables, Valentyn Volkov/123RF

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(h)): Touchscreen smartphone, Oleksiy Mark/Shutterstock

p. 10 (Fig. 1-2(j)): Line Art: Electromagnetics is at the heart of numerous systems and applications. Source: Based on IEEE Spectrum

p. 18 (TF 1-1(a)): Lightbulb, Chones/Fotolia

p. 18 (TF 1-1(b)): Fluorescent bulb, Wolf1984/Fotolia

p. 18 (TF 1-1(c)): 3d render of an unbranded screw-in LED lamp, isolated on a white background, Marcello Bortolino/Getty Images, Inc.

p. 19 (TF 1-3): Line Art: Lighting efficiency. Source: Based on Courtesy of National Research Council, 2009

p. 32 (Fig. 1-17): Individual bands of the radio spectrum and their primary allocations in the U.S. [See expandable version on book website: em8e.eecs.umich.edu.] Source: U.S. Department of Commerce

p. 59 (Fig. 2-10(c)): Circuit board, Gabriel Rebeiz

p. 117 (TF 4-1): Microwave ablation for cancer liver treatment, Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)

p. 117 (TF 4-2): Setup for a percutaneous microwave ablation procedure shows three single microwave applicators connected to three microwave generators, Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)

p. 118 (TF 4-3): Bryan Christie Design and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE Spectrum by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Reproduced with permission of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, in the format Republish in a book via Copyright Clearance Center

p. 150 (Mod. 3-2): Screenshot: Gradient. Source: Graphics created with Wolfram Mathematica®

p. 151 (TF 5-1): Touchscreen smartphone with GPS navigation isolated on white reflective background, Oleksiy Mark/Shutterstock

p. 151 (TF 5-2): SCaN’s Benefits to Society—Global Positioning System, U.S. Department of Defense as a navigation tool for military, developed in 1980

p. 152 (TF 5-3): SUV, Konstantin/Fotolia

p. 156 (Mod. 3-3): Screenshot: Divergence, Source: Graphics created with Wolfram Mathematica®

p. 159 (TF 6-1): X-ray of pelvis and spinal column, Cozyta/Getty Images, Inc.

p. 159 (TF 6-2): CT scan advance technology for medical diagnosis, Tawesit/Fotolia

p. 160 (TF 6-3(c)): Digitally enhanced CT scan of a normal brain in transaxial (horizontal) section, Scott Camazine/Science Source

p. 162 (Mod. 3-4): Screenshot: Curl, Source: Graphics created with Wolfram Mathematica®

p. 186 (TF7-1): Most cars use over 100 sensors, National Motor Museum/Shutterstock

p. 191 (TF 8-1): Examples of supercapacitors. Source: Vladimir Zhupanenko/Shutterstock

p. 191 (TF 8-2(a)): High-speed train in motion, Metlion/Fotolia

p. 191 (TF 8-2(b)): Cordless Drill, Derek Hatfield/Shutterstock

p. 191 (TF 8-2(c)): The 2006 BMW X3 Concept Gasoline Electric Hybrid uses high-performance capacitors (or “Super Caps”) to store and supply electric energy to the vehicle’s Active Transmission, Passage/Car Culture/Getty Images

p. 191 (TF 8-2(d)): LED Electric torch—laser pointer isolated on white background, Artur Synenko/Shutterstock

p. 206 (TF 9-6): Elements of a fingerprint matching system. Bryan Christie Design and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE Spectrum by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Reproduced with permission of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, in the format Republish in a book via Copyright Clearance Center

p. 206 (TF 9-7): Line Art: Fingerprint representation, Source: Courtesy of Dr. M. Tartagni, University of Bologna, Italy

p. 249 (TF 10-5(a)): CHINA—JUNE 20: A maglev train awaits departure in Shanghai, China, on Saturday, June 20, 2009, Qilai Shen/Bloomberg/Getty Images

p. 249 (TF 10-5(b) and (c)): Line Art: Magnetic trains—(b) internal workings of the Maglev train, Source: Amy Mast, “Maglev trains are making history right now.” Flux, Volume 3, Issue 1, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

p. 291 (TF12-2): Ultrasonic Transducer, NDT Resource

p. 313 (TF 13-1): Jersey cow on pasture, Lakeview Images/Shutterstock

p. 314 (TF 13-2): Line Art: How an RFID system works is illustrated through this EZ-Pass example: Tag. Source: Cary Wolinsky/Cavan Images/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 347 (TF 15-1(a)): Optical Computer Mouse, Satawat Anukul/123RF

p. 347 (TF 15-1(b)): Laser eye surgery, Will & Deni McIntyre/Science Source

p. 347 (TF 15-1(c)): Laser Star Guide, NASA

p. 405 (TF 17-1(a)): Smiling woman using computer, Edbockstock/Fotolia

p. 405 (TF 17-1(b)): Vector silhouette of Power lines and electric pylons, Ints Vikmanis/Alamy Stock Photo

p. 405 (TF 17-1(c)): Telecommunications tower, Poliki/Fotolia

p. 414 (Fig. 9-25): The AN/FPS-85 Phased Array Radar Facility in the Florida panhandle, near the city of Freeport, NASA